The fastest way to tell
If the prompt gives multiple sources and requires you to use them, it is synthesis. If the prompt asks for your position and leaves evidence up to you, it is argumentative.
Argumentative essay
Use the argumentative guide when you choose your own examples, research, or experience.
Read the guideSynthesis essay
Use the synthesis guide when the source packet is the required material for the essay.
Read the guidePrompt clues to look for
Argumentative essay
- "take a position"
- "defend your claim"
- "use appropriate evidence"
Synthesis essay
- "synthesize at least three sources"
- "use the provided sources"
- "source A, source B, source C"
What changes in the essay
Evidence
Argumentative essay: You choose the evidence.
Synthesis essay: The prompt provides sources you must use.
Why it matters: The planning method changes: argument starts with reasons; synthesis starts by grouping sources.
Thesis
Argumentative essay: A debatable position you can support with evidence you know or find.
Synthesis essay: A position that can be supported by the provided source set.
Why it matters: A synthesis thesis should fit the available sources, not ignore them.
Body paragraphs
Argumentative essay: Organize by your reasons.
Synthesis essay: Organize by your reasons, then bring sources together inside those reasons.
Why it matters: Synthesis is not one source per paragraph.
Common mistake
Argumentative essay: Using vague examples or skipping counterargument.
Synthesis essay: Summarizing sources instead of making them support your claim.
Why it matters: Both essays need reasoning after evidence.
Example prompts
Argumentative signal
"Should schools limit student phone use during the day? Develop a position and support it with evidence."
Argumentative, because you choose the evidence.
Synthesis signal
"Using at least three of the provided sources, develop a position on whether schools should limit student phone use."
Synthesis, because the prompt requires provided sources.
Frequently asked questions
Can an argumentative essay use sources?
Yes. A source does not automatically make an essay synthesis. It becomes synthesis when the prompt provides multiple sources and requires you to use them.
Do I have to use every source in a synthesis essay?
Usually no. AP Lang synthesis typically requires at least three sources. Choose the ones that best support and complicate your argument.
Does a synthesis essay still need my own opinion?
It needs your own position. The sources support your argument; they do not replace it.
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